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First woman · Politics

Prime Minister

Australia Government

AppointeeJulia Gillard
RolePrime Minister
OrganisationAustralia Government
DomainPolitics
Start24 June 2010
End26 June 2013
NotesFirst female Australian PM
Verified Spot-checked 2026-05-06

Institutional context

The Prime Minister of Australia leads the federal government in a Westminster-style parliamentary system. The office dates to Federation in 1901; through 2010, every holder was male. Gillard remains, as of writing, the only woman to have held the office.

Career path

Gillard was born in Wales and emigrated to Australia in childhood. She earned arts and law degrees from the University of Melbourne, practised as an industrial-relations lawyer at Slater & Gordon, and entered the House of Representatives in 1998 for the Australian Labor Party. She served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Education and for Workplace Relations from 2007 under Kevin Rudd.

Appointment

Gillard challenged Rudd for the Labor Party leadership on 24 June 2010 and was elected unopposed; she was sworn in as Prime Minister the same day. Following the August 2010 federal election, which produced a hung parliament, she negotiated a minority government supported by independents and the Australian Greens. She was deposed in a leadership challenge by Rudd on 26 June 2013 and left office the following day.

Tenure

Three years and two days. Her government legislated the Clean Energy Act including a price on carbon, a National Disability Insurance Scheme, and the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. The carbon-pricing legislation was repealed by the subsequent Coalition government.

Cluster context

Gillard's appointment in 2010 falls in the dataset's slow-rise middle period, contemporary with Merkel's first term and several years before the principal cluster window. The Australian premiership has not been held by a woman since her departure, making Australia a partial counterexample within the broader pattern.

Sources

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